Yesus dan Hermeneutik Gezerah Shavah (Tinjauan Teks Kontroversi Sabat)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2500/kerugma.v3i2.108Abstract
Abstract: This article reviews the story of the Jesus controversy that occurred on the Sabbath in the synoptic gospel records (Mark 2:23-28; Matthew 12:1-8; Luke 6:1-5) in which the Pharisees encountered the actions that had been committed. by the disciples was a "breaking" of the sabbath, Jesus' response first referred to David's incident recorded in the controversial account 1 samuel 21, where David ate the holy bread that only priests could eat, his action against the law but justified because David's life was at stake (piqquach nefesh). However, Jesus' problem with the Sabbath by referring to David's controversy seems unparalleled, some even think that Jesus failed to respond to the Pharisees' questions by quoting David's story, because in principle an analogy must be parallel to what he wants to explain (gezerah shavah). So, this article will not discuss every detail or narrative difference from the three synoptic gospels, this research only goes so far as to review gezerah shawah and piqquach nefesh on quotes to David not as a failure.   Keywords: Hermeneutic; Gezerah Shavah; Piqquach Nefesh; Halakhah; Haggadah. Abstrak:Artikel ini mengulas cerita tentang kontroversi Yesus yang terjadi pada hari sabat dalam catatan injil sinoptik (Markus 2:23-28; Matius 12:1-8; Lukas 6:1-5) yang pada kesempatannya Orang-orang Farisi menemui tindakan yang telah diperbuat oleh murid-murid adalah “pelanggaran†atas haris sabat, respons Yesus pertama-tama merujuk pada peristiwa Daud yang tercatat dalam akun 1 samuel 21 yang kontroversial, di mana Daud memakan roti kudus yang hanya bisa dimakan para imam, tindakannya yang melawan hukum namun dibenarkan karena nyawa Daud sedang dipertaruhkan (piqquach nefesh). Namun, masalah Yesus atas hari sabat dengan merujuk pada kontroversi Daud terlihat seolah tidak paralel, bahkan beberapa menganggap Yesus gagal menanggapi pertanyaan orang-orang Farisi dengan mengutip cerita Daud, karena pada prinsipnya sebuah analogi harus sejajar dengan apa yang hendak dijelaskan (gezerah shavah). Maka, artikel ini, tidak akan membahas setiap detail maupun perbedaan narasi dari ketiga injil sinoptik, penelitian ini hanya sejauh meninjau gezerah shavah dan piqquach nefesh atas kutipan kepada Daud bukan sebagai kegagalan.   Kata Kunci: Hermeneutik; Gezerah Shavah; Piqquach Nefesh; Halakhah; Haggadah.References
Alter, Robert. “The David Story: A Translation with Commentary of 1 and 2 Samuel.†Literary Imagination 1, no. 1 (1999): 10–24.
Beale, Gregory K, and Donald Arthur Carson. Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament. Baker Books, 2007.
Block, Daniel I, Richard Hess, Dale W Manor, and V Philips Long. Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 and 2 Samuel. Vol. 2. Zondervan, 2009.
Botner, Max. “Has Jesus Read What David Did? Probing Problems in Mark 2:25–26.†The Journal of Theological Studies 69, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 484–499. https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/fly114.
Bowes, William. “Revisiting ‘The Time of Abiathar the High Priest’: Interpretation, Methodology, and Ways Forward for Understanding Mark 2:26†(August 9, 2022): 261–277.
Casey, Maurice. “Culture and Historicity: The Plucking of the Grain (Mark 2.23–28).†New Testament Studies 34, no. 1 (1988): 1–23. https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/culture-and-historicity-the-plucking-of-the-grain-mark-22328/F8A639E7707071D15C1B9CF9CD2A516B.
Cohn-Sherbok, Rabbi D M. “An Analysis of Jesus’ Arguments Concerning the Plucking of Grain on the Sabbath.†Journal for the Study of the New Testament 1, no. 2 (1979): 31–41.
Collins, Nina L. “Healing and Saving Life from Starvation, Mark 2: 23–26, 28, Luke 6: 1–5 & Matthew 12: 1–8: The Sources and Historicity of the Galilean Event.†Biblical theology bulletin 45, no. 4 (2015): 215–229.
Donahue, John R., and Daniel J. Harrington. “The Gospel Of Mark.†In Sacra Pagina. Colleggeville Minnesotta: Liturgical Press, 2002.
Edelman, Diana Vikander. King Saul in the Historiography of Judah. Vol. 121. A&C Black, 1991.
Edwards, James R. The Gospel According to Mark. Pilar: Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2022.
Evans, Craig A. “Patristic Interpretation of Mark 2:26 ‘When Abyatar Was High Priest.’†Vigiliage Christianae 40, no. 2 (1986): 183–186.
France, R. T. The Gospel of Mark : A Commentary on the Greek Text. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Carlisle: W.B. Eerdmans; Paternoster Press., 2002.
Geddert, Timothy J. Mark: Believers Church Bible Commentary. MennoMedia, Inc., 2001.
Guelich, Robert A. “Mark 1–8: 26, Vol. 34A.†Word Biblical Commentary. Dallas: Word Books (1989).
Gundry, Robert H. Commentary On Mark. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2010.
Harris, R. Laird, Gleason L. Archer Jr, and Bruce K Waltke. THEOLOGICAL WORDBOOK OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. Chicago: Moody Press, 1981.
Klein, Ralph W. 1 Samuel, Volume 10 Word Biblical Commentary. Dallas: Zondervan Academic, 2018.
Levy, David M. The Tabernacle: Shadows of the Messiah: Its Sacrifices, Services, and Priesthood. The Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, 1994.
Maccoby, Hyam. Early Rabbinic Writings. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Miscall, Peter D. “1 Samuel.†Interpretation 55, no. 2 (2001): 198.
Morgan, C. Shannon. “‘When Abiathar Was High Priest’ (Mark 2:26).†Journal of Biblical Literature 93, no. 3 (1979): 409–410.
Neusner, Jacob. “The Halakhah: Historical and Religious Perspectives.†In The Halakhah: Historical and Religious Perspectives. Brill, 2002.
Omanson, Roger L, and John Ellington. A Handbook on the First and Second Books of Samuel/1 Samuel 1.1 to 2 Samuel 1.27. United Bible Societies, 2001.
Osborne, Grant R. Spiral Hermeneutika Pengantar Komprehensif Bagi Penafsir Alkitab. Surabaya: Momentum, 2018.
Parsons, Mikeal C. “Mark 2: 23–28.†Interpretation 59, no. 1 (2005): 57–60.
Robinson, George. Essential Judaism: Updated Edition: A Complete Guide to Beliefs, Customs & Rituals. Simon and Schuster, 2016.
Schumann, Andrew, Tzvee Zahavy, Avi Sion, Aviram Ravitsky, Stefan Goltzberg, Mauro Zonta, Sergey Dolgopolski, and Yoel Matveev. Judaic Logic. Gorgias Press, 2010.
Stein, Robert H. Mark. Baker Academic, 2008.
Taylor, Vincent. The Gospel According to Saint Mark: The Greek Text with Introduction, Notes, and Indexes. St. Martin’s P., 1966.
WENHAM, J W. “MARK 226.†The Journal of Theological Studies I, no. 2 (October 1, 1950): 156. https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/I.2.156-a.
ALKITAB: Terjemahan Baru Edisi Kedua (TB2). Jakarta: Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia, 2023
